Beaufort scale
BOH-fert
A system for estimating wind speed based on observed conditions at sea and on land, ranging from Force 0 (calm — smoke rises vertically) to Force 12 (hurricane — devastating damage). Each level is defined not by instruments but by what you can see and feel — a profoundly human measurement system.
Etymology
Devised by Royal Navy Commander (later Rear Admiral Sir) Francis Beaufort in 1805, standardized for naval use in 1830. Beaufort's genius was to replace vague terms like "stiff breeze" with specific, observable criteria.
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